Exercícios de Dedução Natural

Dedução Natural para a Lógica Proposicional Intuicionista

Derivabilidade de sequentes

Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \varphi \land \psi \vdash \psi \land \varphi}

Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle (\varphi \land \psi) \land \delta \vdash \varphi \land (\psi \land \delta)}

Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \varphi \vdash \varphi \land \varphi}

Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \alpha \land \beta, \gamma \land \delta \vdash \gamma \land \beta}

Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \alpha \to (\beta \to \gamma) \vdash \beta \to (\alpha \to \gamma)}

Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \vdash \alpha \to (\beta \to \alpha)}

Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \vdash \alpha \to \alpha}

Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \alpha \to \beta \vdash \alpha \to (\alpha \to \beta)}

Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \alpha \to (\alpha \to \beta) \vdash \alpha \to \beta}

Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \gamma \to \alpha, \gamma \to \beta \vdash \gamma \to (\alpha \land \beta)}

Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \beta \lor (\alpha \land \beta) \vdash \beta}

Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle (\alpha \lor \beta) \to \gamma \vdash (\alpha \to \gamma) \land (\beta \to \gamma)}

Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \alpha \vdash \neg\neg\alpha}

Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \beta \to \alpha, \beta \to \neg\alpha \vdash \neg\beta}

Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \alpha, \neg\alpha \vdash \neg\beta}

Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \alpha\lor\beta, \neg\alpha\lor\gamma \vdash \beta\lor\gamma}

Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \alpha\to\beta \vdash \neg\beta\to\neg\alpha}

Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \neg(\alpha \lor \beta) \dashv\vdash \neg\alpha\land\neg\beta}

Derivabilidade de regras

Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \mathrm{(DNE)}} a partir de Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \mathrm{DN_{int}}} + (Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \mathrm{\bot E_{cls}}} )

Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle (\mathrm{\bot E_{cls}})} a partir de Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \mathrm{DN_{int}}} + Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \mathrm{(DNE)}}

Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle (\mathbb{M})}

Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle (\mathbb{R})}

Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle (\mathbb{T})}

Dedução Natural para a Lógica Proposicional Clássica

Derivabilidade de sequentes

Terceiro Excluído / Tertium Non Datur: Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \vdash\varphi\lor\neg\varphi}

Tarefa: Demonstrar a mesma fórmula, invertendo a ordem de aplicação das regras de introdução da disjunção.

Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \neg\neg\alpha \vdash \alpha}

Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \neg\beta\to\alpha, \neg\beta\to\neg\alpha \vdash \beta}

Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \neg\alpha\to\neg\beta \vdash \beta\to\alpha}

Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \vdash (\alpha \to \beta) \lor (\beta \to \alpha)} , via raciocínio por absurdo

Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \vdash (\alpha \to \beta) \lor (\beta \to \alpha)} , via terceiro excluído

Dedução Natural para a Lógica de Primeira Ordem Intuicionista

[AGUARDE!]

Derivabilidade de sequentes

Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle (\forall x)(\varphi \to \psi) \vdash (\forall x)\varphi \to (\forall x)\psi}

Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle (\forall x)Q(x) \vdash (\forall y)Q(y)}

Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle (\forall x_1)(\forall x_2)R(x_1,x_2) \vdash (\forall x_2)(\forall x_1)R(x_1,x_2)}

Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle (\forall x) \varphi_1 \land \varphi_2 \dashv\vdash (\forall x) \varphi_1 \land (\forall x)\varphi_2<math> ==== : {{#ev:youtube|B7fFRZF_wao|||||start=1678}} ==Dedução Natural para a Lógica de Primeira Ordem Clássica== [AGUARDE!] ===Derivabilidade de regras=== ====Raciocínio por casos: <math>\Gamma_1, \neg\varphi\vdash\psi; \Gamma_2, \varphi\vdash\psi \, / \, \Gamma_1, \Gamma_2 \vdash \psi}

Raciocínio por redução ao absurdo: Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \Gamma_1, \neg\varphi\vdash\neg\psi; \Gamma_2, \neg\varphi\vdash\psi \, / \, \Gamma_1, \Gamma_2 \vdash \varphi}

Para reflexão

• O que ocorre se ao invés de adicionarmos ao sistema de Dedução Natural para a Lógica Intuicionista a regra

  Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle (\bot \mathrm{E}_{cls}) \; \Gamma, \neg\varphi \vdash \bot\, / \, \Gamma \vdash \varphi }

  adicionarmos uma regra da forma

  Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \Gamma, \neg(\alpha \# \beta) \vdash \bot\, / \, \Gamma \vdash \alpha \# \beta }

  para algum conectivo binário Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \#} da nossa linguagem?

• O que ocorre se ao invés de adicionarmos ao sistema de Dedução Natural para a Lógica Intuicionista a regra Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle (\bot \mathrm{E}_{cls}) } adicionarmos a seguinte regra de consequentia mirabilis?

  Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle (\neg_{cls}) \; \Gamma, \neg\alpha \vdash \alpha\, / \, \Gamma \vdash \alpha }

  (Será que podemos dizer, neste caso, que se trata de uma regra de introdução ou de eliminação? E quanta diferença isso faz?)

• O que ocorre se ao invés de adicionarmos ao sistema de Dedução Natural para a Lógica de Primeira Ordem Intuicionista a regra Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle (\bot \mathrm{E}_{cls}) } adicionarmos a regra

  Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle (DNQ) \; \Gamma \vdash (\forall x)\neg\neg\varphi\, / \, \Gamma \vdash \neg\neg(\forall x)\varphi }

Veja também

• Dedução Natural
• Estratégias de demonstração
• Introdução Computacional à Lógica Matemática